Supporters and Opposers of the Constitution free essay sample

Frazier, believed we needed an established form of government due to the fact that our nation was under distress. He wrote â€Å"The complaints of our framers the melancholy faces of our workers the insults that are offered to the American name View these things, fellow citizens, and then say we do not require a new, a protecting, and efficient federal government, if you can. †(1). Frazier was saying that our country was falling apart and we needed a form of written government to solve all our problems. Another supporter of the Constitution was George Washington, who agreed with John Jays criticism of the Constitution. They both agreed that the Articles of Confederation were not a suitable form of government. Washington wrote, â€Å"We have errors to correct thirteen sovereign, independent, disunited states are in the habit of refusing compliance with [our national congress]†(3). Washington was saying that we could not have been governed by the Articles, therefore the Constitution was a better choice for nations established government. We will write a custom essay sample on Supporters and Opposers of the Constitution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mercy Otis Warren believed that the Constitution blended the three branches too much, and offered no security. She wrote â€Å"There is no security[under the proposed new U. S Constitution] either for the rights of conscience or liberty of the press The executive and the Legislat[ure] are so dangerously blended that they give cause for alarm. †(2). She believed that Constitution shouldnt have been ratified because of alarm due to the branches not being individually established enough, and therefore there could be no checks and balances. This could have allowed one branch to over power another. Because of this, Mercy believed there was no security in the Constitution. Another person opposed to the Constitution was Amos Singletree. He spoke â€Å" xcept to get into Congress themselves and get all the power and all the money into their own hands, and then they swallow all us little folks. †(5). Singletree believed Congress would take everyones money and declare power. He felt as though a name, would just be a name to the government, and not a person. Due to that, he felt as though the Constitution should not have been ratified. Patrick Henry fe lt as though the Constitution should not have been ratified. He spoke â€Å" our rights and privileges are endangered, and the sovereignty of the states will be relinquished The rights of conscience, trial by jury, liberty of the press are rendered insecure. †(4). Henry felt that the Constitution should not be ratified because it endangers our rights, and doesnt secure our rights, whatsoever. There were many arguments used by each side in the debates over the ratification of the United States Constitution. Although many opposed the Constitution, it was ratified in September of 1787. Both sides had good arguments but in the end, more were in favor of a better well established form of written government.

Human resource management The WritePass Journal

Human resource management Introduction: Human resource management Introduction:Asian and Western Management StylesWestern Management Education:Eastern Management Education:  Indian Human resource Management:Future Assumptions Observed to be a part of human resource management:Management Education:Challenges for the management education:Conclusion:References:Related Introduction: Human Resource Management is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace  culture  and environment. Effective HRM enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organizations goals and objectives. As competitors strive to win the war for talent, effective human resource management is necessary to gain true competitive advantage in the marketplace. Three challenges faced by nations and companies in 19th century are shown in Curtis (2006)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Century of the Self† Part 1 are sustainability, technology, and globalization. Curtis (2006) Sustainability is the potential for long-term maintenance of wellbeing, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Globalization requires attention to â€Å"more than conducting business across national borders but also entails expanding com ­petition for almost every type of organization presenting management with the challenge to operate in diverse cultural settings† (Edwards, 2006) Globalization represents the structural making of the world characterized by the free flow of tech ­nology and human resources across national boundaries as well as the spread of Information Tech ­nology and mass media presenting an ever-changing and competitive business environment. Globalization makes national culture an increasingly strategic issue that has to be faced and properly managed. The problem is the balancing of the global trends in human resource management with the influence of national culture because many aspects of HRM are affected by differences in national culture. Custis (2006) analyze the problem of balancing seemingly opposing forces (globalization and the influence of national culture) and to identify trends in HRM during 20th century across coun ­tries: USA, Germany and United Kingdom. Curtis (2006) Technology not only changes the administration of human resources (HR), but also changes organizations and work. HR professionals must be able to adopt technologies that allow the reengineering of the HR function, be prepared to support organizational and work-design changes enabled by technology, and be able to support the proper managerial climate for innovative and knowledge-based organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By far the most significant drivers of strategic change in the world today, globalization and technology innovation, are accelerating at a pace that will make them even more important in the decade ahead. Globalization is proceeding differently in different industries , driven primarily by: increasingly similar demands of end users for global products: changing needs and capabilities of global customers , underlying economics of scale and scope in research , product development , and manufacturing . Technology enables firms within an industry to capture economics of scale and scope by going global, global firms rely on technological innovation to enhance their capabilities. Technology is thus both driven by, and key driver of globalization. Asian and Western Management Styles Management style is the set of philosophies or principles by which the management exercise control over the workforce and bind diverse operations and functions together in order to achieve organizational goals. Earlier research found that firms which tend to employ the participative (or Western) management style favor allowing workers to enhance their professional skills. In contrast, it has been suggested that centralized decision-making, the traditional Asian management style, which is characterized by paternalistic leadership, collectivist orientation and greater power distance between managers and workers, could impede individual creativity (Thompson, 1965) and hence hold back the development of professional skills. Western Management Education: It is now widely accepted that HRM, as a concept, was initially popularized in the USA . In fact , the teaching of management and business as education subjects was first pioneered in the united states. Wharton Business School, which was created in 1881 .In contrast, Cranfield School of management and London Business School, which were the first two schools in Europe , were created in 1965. (Locke, 1989) The Americans were first into the field not only of management, but also of human resource management and arguably have developed hegemony in what the subject involves and what is good practice (Brewster, 2000). HRM is viewed as a logical and rational system. From this viewpoint of seeking, Fomburn et al.(1984) state that the activity of managing HR consists in a five-step cycle: selection , performance, appraisal , rewards and development. Indeed, all firms have to manage this (or a similar) process regardless of where they are in the world. However, it is helpful to consider the management of HR not as a strict system of ‘rational’ processes but as the process of managing people. People cannot be ‘managed’ in a vaccum, they are managed within a context.(e.g. cultural, social, educational, religious, geographical, legal, historical). The process of HRM is therefore not neutral, it is surrounded by cultural, social and other norms characteristic of human beh avior. Although the American development of HRM first appeared akin to a scientific process , a number of writers have since put it into context and characterized a so-called US- Model of HRM or in some formulations, a ‘uni-versalistic’ model, since its proponents argue that it can be applied anywhere in the world. It is important to spend some time reflecting on what underpins the notion of American HRM as it follows other complementary positions to be refined. (Harzing Ruysseveldt, 2004) The findings summarized here provide an illustration of nationally bounded collective mental maps about organizations that seem to resist convergence effects from increased professionalization of management and intensity of international business. Neighboring western nations seem to be forming fairly differentiated images of organizations and their management. This attempt to use a comparative phenomenological approach to the study of organization seems to elicit findings that cast serious doubt on the universality of management and organizational knowledge and praxis It may be very well be that the management process in these western countries is as much culture blund as their cooking , and that international management has to avoid the trap of international cuisine. National cultures may still offer some genuine recipes. Eastern Management Education: Human resources management in East Asian   With the reforms of the employment system, a new system, a new terminology of human resource management came to China in the middle of the 1980s.Warner(1995, 1997). Initially, HRM as an academic concept was introduced by joint teaching arrangements between Chinese and foreign universities as well as in management practice in foreign-owned enterprises, mainly from japan,   the US and Europe (warner ,1995). The translation of HRM into Chinese is renliziyuan guanli (with the same Chinese characters as in Japanese) which means ‘labour force resources management’.   But in fact , some people now use it misleading as a synonym for ‘Personnel Management’ (renshi guanli) and indeed treat it as such (Warner,1997). This form of older personnel management practice is still very common in SOEs and a fair degree of conservatism continues to pervade the administration of personnel in such enterprises. Certainly, it is still very far from the initial concept of HRM as understood in the international community (Poole, 1997). In parallel, attempts were made to import ‘enterprise culture’, a ‘code-word’ for adopting and adapting the Japanese model (Chan, 1995). This is normally found in firms entering JV arrangements with Japanese multinational companies or where the Japanese have set up wholly owned firms on site. East Asia has been surge economic growth since 1960s. Its cultural background has undoubtedly played a significant role in this process. There is a core value- system based on the combined characteristics of Confucianism, Daoism and war strategies which still has a strong influence on Asian HRM, although clearly exceptions also apply.   Indian Human resource Management: Indian Management practioners and academics have developed a distinctive approach to Human Resource Development. HRD approaches are increasingly playing a role in organizational responces to issues arising from liberalization. Accustomed to operating in protected markets, organization are having to learn to manage combining the virtues of conflicting market models , rather than relying exclusively on a single set of pre-conditioned theoretically validated policies. HRD therefore addresses the need to arrest deteriorating values, building up organizational and cultural strengths, broadening the philosophy of tolerance and sacrifice and displaying deep concern for people (Rohmetra, 1998). HRD as a ‘humanistic ’ concept and a subsuming norm that guides management approaches to its employees has come to assume a critical role in Indian management philosophy , HRD involves a paradigm shift from old approach of control to the new approach of involvement and self-development (s ilvera,1988) and would be more closely aligned with the ‘soft’ approach to HRM. HRD is similar to the concept about the rights and duties of human beings about which democratic constitutions the world over consider inalienable and inseparable from human nature, and has similarities to the United Nation Development Programme’s concept of a nations human development. HRD is therefore a humanistic concept that places a premium on the dignity and respect of people and is based on a belief in the limitless potential of human beings. It emphasizes that people should not be treated as mere cogs in the wheel of production, but with respect as human beings. As humanistic concept HRD proposes that human beings should be valued as human beings , independent of their contribution to corporate productivity or profit. The various underlying attitudes symbolizing respect for people’s dignity, trust in their basic integrity and belief in their potential, should lead to the creation of an environment in companies in which individual should find fulfillment in work and seek newer horizons for themselves and the enterprise (Rohmetra, 1998). HRD practices in Indian companies attempt to blend western and eastern ideas and systems of people management. This concept of HRD attempts to be more comprehensive and meaningfull than utilitarian concepts evolved in Anglophone countries. It has come to denote a planned way of developing and multiplying competencies, and the creation of an organization climate that promotes the utilization and development of new competencies. Culture building is seen as a part of its agenda. (Jackson, 2002) Future Assumptions Observed to be a part of human resource management: Legge (1999) states that the new assumptions observed to be a part of human resource management are: Proactive, system – wide interventions with, emphasis on fit, linking HRM with strategic planning and cultural change. People are social capital capable of development Coincidence of interest between stakeholders can be developed Seeks power equalization for trust and collaboration Open channels of communication to build trust , commitment Goal orientation Participation and informed choice Management Education: Management education in schools of business and public administration has received less attention than other aspects of the study of management. There is a contradiction on Management Education which is not being adequately confronted. As attempts is made to change organizations or some part of them to more democratic structures, so the ability of education and training to facilitate that change seems to be losing ground. There is no single reason for this, yet it seems to be chiefly because our collective skill in the design of education or training experiences has outstripped our understanding of some of the fundamental process involved. In particular, it seems to have overlooked the function which education servers in preparing people for membership work organizations. Research in management education has not been a source of inspiration, Although problems abound , certain basic issues are generic. One issue is the criterion problem in management education research. Criteria that have been utilized have often been chosen for convenience   rather than for therotical or practical relevance. Freedman and cooper (1982) Challenges for the management education: One of the challenges for the management educator is to make a judicious choice amongst the teaching methods is to ensure that individually or in combination they facilitate translation and / or transfer , and that this facilitation is not achieved to the general detriment of either of the learner reactions identified. Meeting this challenge, teaching methods require a certain robustness , contributing to the solution of two separate if related problems , whilst achieving their goals and maintaining their appeal to an audience which is most likely to be heterogeneous in respect   of the learners reactions it displays. To meet the challenge the management educator must be able to justify the learner reactions of participants prior to observing their consequences. Reflecting on past courses, conferences or other learning events, we can often identify participants whose behavior, in one or more sessions conforms to the broad descriptions, almost stereotypes, that have been outlined. Fortunately, a number of sources other than observation can also be used to estimate the extent and nature of an audience’s heterogeneity. Evidence for the range of orientations can be gleaned from pre-event questionnaires. Such questionnaires, by identifying the balance of participants are a useful aid when determining the particular mix of teaching methods which can be effectively used. The need for the continued growth of knowledge and practice in the field of HRM and management education is a viewpoint and collaboration between management scholars, academicians and practitioners and also between the disciplines of business, psychology, engineering and economics. Specifically, ones need to develop and incorporate into ones thinking an appreciation for the practitioners and academicians share the same concern for accurate description of present work conditions, yet the data itself needs to be provided by the practitioners. Beck and cox (2003) Conclusion: One means of ensuring that HR practices are consistent with labor-market requirements be to staff the HR function with host country nationals. This paper shows differences in HR practices in different nations. European history has been charged with conflict and alliances for two thousand years. Yet, from the beginning, there have been attempts to unify Europe. It may be that, in future as flexibility, adaptability and agility increasingly become sources of competitive advantage , the value of coherence and unity enjoyed by countries such as the USA and Japan is lessened and the value of diversity increases. If so, then regions like Europe, with its capacity to draw on substantial diversity , may be in a better position to respond to the challenges of the modern era. Social entrepreneurship has significant potential to make positive and sustainable changes for the betterment of society’s long-lasting and problematic issues, such as pervasive poverty and widespread hunger. References: Brewster, C. (2000), ‘European Human Management’, in M. Warner (ed.), International Encyclopedia of business and management: Management in Europe . London: Thomson. Pp. 81-93. Beck , J and Cox, C. (2003), Management education, Department of management Sciences , The university of Manchester Institute os science and technology chapter 1. Curtis, A. (2006) The Century of Self. [Online] available from informationclearinghouse.info/article12642.htm [accessed on 13 July 2011] Edwards T., Rees Ch., (2006). IHRM: Gloaba ­lization, National Systems and Multinational Com ­panies. Prentice Hall   310,   pp. Freedman, R.D and Cooper C. (1982), Management Education   Issues in Theory , research and practice, university of Manchester UK chapter 1. Fomburn, C., Tichy , N. and Devanna, M. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management , New York : wiley. Jackson, T. (2002) ,International HRM: A cross-cultural Approach, London, 2002, Chapter 10, pp. Legge,K. (1999)  Human resource management Critical perspectives, vol: 1, pp209 – 260. Locke, R. (1989). Management and higher Education since 1940, The Influence of America and Japan on West Germany , Great Britain and France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rohmetra, J. (1998) Human resource development: Experiences, Intervention, Strategies, New Delhi. Silvera, D.N. (1998) ,Human resource development New India publications. Thompson, A. (1965), Bureaucracy and Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, chap: 10, pp1-20. Warner, M. (1995) The Management of Human Resourses in Chinese Industry, London: Macmillan. Warner, M. (1997) The Management- Labour Relations in the new chinese Economy, Human Resource Management Journal, 37(4), pp. 30-34. Human Resource Management Introduction Human Resource Management ]. Eyraud, F., Marsden, D. Silvestre, J.J., 1990. Occupational and internal labour markets in Britain and France. International labour review, 129 (4), pp. 501-517. Green, A., 2001. VET systems, youth employment, and social benefits. Available at: Llakes organization website www.llakes.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Green-Soro-presentation.pdf [Accessed 11 June 2012]. Greenan, J.P. Mustapha R.B., 2002. The role of vocational education in economic development in Malaysia: Educator’s and employer’s perspective. Journal of industrial teacher education, 39 (2). Available at: Virginia tech digital library http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JITE/v39n2/mustapha.html [Accessed 16 June 2012]. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development., 2010. Learning for jobs: synthesis report of the OECD reviews of vocational education and training, Paris, OCED. Nijhof, W.J., Heikkinen, A. Nieuwenhuis, L., 2003. Shaping flexibility in vocational education and training: institutional, curricular, and professional conditions, Boston,   Kluwer Academic Publishers. Peterson, J. Green, A., 2008. The role of vocational education and training in enhancing social inclusion and cohesion. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Available at www.cedefop.europa.eu/etv/Upload/Projects_Networks/ResearchLab/ForthcomingRepot/Volume-1/03-Preston.pdf [Accessed 11 June 2012]. Rainbird, H., 1994. The changing role of training function: a test for the integration of human resource and business strategies. Human resource management journal, 5 (1), pp. 72-90. Rauner, F. MacLean, R., 2009. Handbook of technical and vocational education and training research, Dordrecht:   Springer. Silberman, H.F., 1982. Education and work, Chicago: National Society for the Study of Education.

Madagascar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Madagascar - Essay Example The geology of Madagascar consists of a backbone of Precambrian rock running from north to south down the length of the island, forming the central highlands (Figure 1, see Appendix). To the east of the plateau, there is an abrupt escarpment, while in the west the highlands slope more gently down to the Mozambique Channel. There is a wide variety of soil types, as well as considerable variation in elevation; several large massifs reach more than 2000 m. The trade winds, which come from the southeast across the Indian Ocean, produce moderate to high levels of orographic precipitation as they encounter this topographic relief. As a result, the majority of rain falls on the eastern side of the island. The western region is under the rain shadow of the central mountains, and conditions gradually become hotter and drier towards the Mozambique Channel. During the austral summer the western region is subject to a monsoon regime that originates in the north and dwindles to the south (Goodman and Benstead, 29). Consequently, there is a double rainfall gradient over the island, declining from east to west on the one hand, and north to south on the other. The northeast of Madagascar is the wettest part of the island and the southwest is the driest. The combined effect of Madagascar's rainfall re... Even within relatively short distances, there is notable turnover in species and flora composition. In 1921, the French botanist Henri Perrier de la Bathie proposed a two-tiered hierarchical classification of the vegetation of Madagascar, which has served as the basis for most subsequent biogeographic work on the island (Fig. 2, see Appendix). The major contribution of this study was the division of Madagascar into two major floristic zones corresponding to different climatic conditions and structurally distinct vegetation types. The flore au vent (windward flora) was defined as the area that comes under the direct influence of the moist southeast trade winds. The windward flora was later equated with the Eastern region of Madagascar, which includes the non-deciduous vegetation of both the coastal lowland region and central highlands (Goodman and Benstead, 239). The flore sous le vent (leeward flora) was defined as the area influenced by the drying effects of the trade winds as they descend after having crossed over the central highlands. This zone includes the deciduous vegetation of the west. The leeward flora was later equated with the Western region of Madagascar (Goodman and Benstead, 240). The fundamental biogeographic distinction between the "wet" non-deciduous forests of the east and "dry" deciduous forests of western Madagascar has been supported by numerous studies of plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate distribution patterns. Simultaneously, WWF ecoregion model divides the Eastern floristic zone into three primary regions that correspond to broad altitudinal ranges: humid ("lowland") forest (0-800 m), subhumid ("moist montane") forest (800-1800 m), and ericoid thicket (roughly above 1800 m). The major ecoregions of the Western floristic zone are

Why is there Large Employee Turnover Rate at Wal-Mart Research Paper

Why is there Large Employee Turnover Rate at Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example Although the figures for employee turnover for Wal-Mart are not readily available there is a lot of information to indicate at the least that employees are not happy and that the turnover intent is high. In fact, the company has been faced with a number of law suits relating to sex discrimination and working overtime without pay. Wal-Mart is currently one of the most influential and respected company which is synonymous with that commanded by the manufacturing giants of the twentieth century Lichtenstein (2009). The company is in position number 15 on Forbes List as a Global 2000 Leading Company and as one of the World’s Biggest Public Company (Forbes 2013). This is based on sales, profit, assets and market value. In terms of sales Wal-Mart is in the number 1 position, 16th in profit, 135th in assets and 7th in terms of market value. On Forbes (2012) list of ‘The World’s Most Powerful Brands, Wal-Mart is in the 25th position and this makes it the world’s to p retailing company. ... The international segment is seen as the engine of growth for the company as Wal-Mart continues to expand internationally. The aim of this research is to determine the reason for the high employee turnover rate at Wal-Mart. The objectives of this study are to determine: i. Whether compensation at Wal-Mart may be a factor in relation to the high rates of turnover ii. Whether employees are satisfied with the level of communication with their supervisors iii. Whether employees are happy with their job functions Employee turnover is the movement of workers in the labor market between organizations and between different roles or occupation (Abassi et al 2000). Literature Review According to Linhartova (2011) Employee turnover is one of the problems relating to the management of human resources that never go away. Linhartova (2011) carried out two studies on the causes of employees disaffection and turnover. The study used 29 determinates to describe seven of the main factors that led to e mployee turnover – remuneration, certainty, relationships, recognition, communication, culture, and expectations. The factors were in a similar manner to studies done by other researcher (See John et al 2008; Gosling et al 2003; Benet-Martinez and John 1998). The results of the study indicate that all seven factors were strongly linked to job satisfaction. Firth L, David J Mellor, Kathleen A Moore, Claude Loquet (2007). How can managers reduce employee intention to quit?, J. manage. Psychol. 19 (2): 170-187. †¦ Strategies to minimize turnover Jain (2013) suggests that employee branding which is a relatively new concept n human resource management. This Jain (2013) indicates will allow the organization to choose and retain

Book and Movie 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book and Movie 2 - Essay Example about the pneumonic plague would trigger irrational fear and force those infected into hiding whereby, they would go on long vacations further spreading the disease (Kazan). Tony Hillerman’s â€Å"The First Eagle†, concurs with Elia’s representation of communicable diseases; however, his focus is on â€Å"Black death† (contracting the pneumonic plague from exposure to infected dead tissue). Communicable diseases are highly contagious, which necessitates timely and adequate containment before an outbreak that indiscriminately attacks the population (CDC). Discussed below is transmission, shift in vector location, and pollution spread of the bacterium that causes the pneumonic plague as portrayed in Elia Kazan’s film and Hillerman’s novel. Kazan’s movie reveals that some pathogens remain active in dead tissues (corpses), which have not undergone proper sanitization procedures aimed at suppressing the pathogens viability or infectious nature. The pneumonic plague, which represents the disease featured in the movie is one such example. Research by the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies Yersinia pestis as the bacterium responsible for causing the pneumonic plague. The disease attacks the respiratory system aggressively. Transmission of the disease occurs either from human to human or from animals to humans. Transmission through the former (primary transmission) occurs when a non-infected person inhales air exhaled by an infected person or when a non-infected person is exposed to infected dead tissue. Conversely, animal to human transmission occurs when a non-infected individual eats an infected animal or is exposed to fleas on the infected animal; for example, a 2006 World Health Organizat ion (WHO) study revealed that pneumonic plague infection in Northwest China resulted from human contact with fleas from infected animals during hunting expeditions (CDC). â€Å"Black Death†, is the name given to transmission of the pneumonic plague

Effects of Natural Disasters | Essay

Effects of Natural Disasters | Essay Disaster can be categorized according to many situations like it can be defined as the state of war that communities react globally against aggression. It can be an expression of vulnerability. We can also say that disaster is a state of uncertainty. Thus the consequences of any kind of disaster are so great that they cant be ignored and the responsibility comes to the government account. SAMPLE DISASTERS The disaster can be of any kind. We can say any unlike activity. It may be according to natural forces for example earthquakes, flooding, extreme temperature, environmental hazards, fires, cyclones. It can be technical failures causing the system pause and also the ongoing activities cease. Disaster can be graded as a human interference like crimes and explosion. Now a day globally we are exposed to all kind of disasters including both geographical and humanly created mess. Like flood that come in Chicago in April 13, 1992 destroyed 230 buildings and all the power supply was damaged badly. If we talk about the World trade Centre explosion in February 26, 1993 the destruction mainly affects the business in the centre and there was no margin to take precaution. The earthquake in San Francisco o 18, October, 1989 damaged the bay bridge which has stressed the business in the city because the bridge is collapsed and all business in the city was stopped. Similarly the hurricanes Andrew tha t arrived in the south Florida area made destruction to extents that end almost every activity. Thus disaster in any shape proven to be the worst experience no matter where it comes. Impact of Natural disaster on environment Natural disaster is any inevitable event that affects the environment. It not only results in mass loss of human lives but also adversely affect the economy of the region. Natural disasters have long history of occurrence which cannot be predicted, nor can it be avoided. Many researchers state that that disaster is interrupted the state in which social fabric is disrupted and becomes dysfunctional to a greater or lesser extent. Many recent disaster e.g. tsunami in Indian ocean in 2004, earth quake in Pakistan in 2005, and Haiti earthquake in 2010 are thoroughly discussed in print and electronic media, yet our understanding of its economic impact and recovery plan is quiet premature. This topic highlights the effects of natural disaster on a region. For the impacts and its metigation its very much important that we should know the magnitude of the disaster. The area that is directly affected and indirectly affected. Directly means the place where it actually happens and indirectly refers to the surrounding environment that is near with the disaster place. As in disaster the people move to other safe places for their survival. It stresses the other city in every account like to manage the space, food, and other life facilities to start their normal life again. PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTER: For all these the government work and try very hard to cope up with situation. In some countries already disaster management cell are functional and in some countries we can see the law and order and they immediately respond to such dilemma. We also have such examples that there are recovery plans for disasters but the issues are that these plans are outdated. The trained people are less in number. It takes too much time to implement. Its not an easy task. Mostly we see that short term plans are prepared and acted on it. The requirement for the successful disaster management activity is the cooperation by the effected people as well as the rest of the society. So far we see all over the world people generously participate for the disasters and try really hard to help the effecties. They really come up with practical potentials that sort the worst matter. Monitoring is also important after the measures because the effected people settlement may take years. In the disaster area collect ive stress is being created. Like some places that are easily approachable and some are far enough for the team to reach there for rescue. The government should be clear where to place the emergency cell and how it will work and they must communicate properly to the effectives and rest of the society the methodology. So that the interested people to help the victims and they should know the reality too. All this information can be transmitted by the satellites, good telecommunication system in the area. NATURAL DISASTERS IN PAKISTAN Pakistan is the country that has esthetically beautiful landscapes featuring mountains. River plains, desert track and 960 Kilometer coastal area that exposed it to natural disasters. One of the reasons for disasters is that Pakistan is located in the region thats on the Indian plate that collides with the Eurasian plate and its not getting mature geographically up till now. Disaster cycles that are very common in the geographical history are predominantly flood, drought also persist, high intensity rain spell, earthquakes, cyclones and tsunami. Socially vulnerability and also the diseases are also the issues that to be deal with the natural disasters. Historically if we figure out the disasters and the number of people dead as a result and also the economic stress that Pakistan is facing then we can make analysis that its very usual within every five or ten years a big disaster hit any area and almost everything is destroyed, which can be the factor for its slow development. Due to these natural disasters Pakistani economical condition is very weak. Every year 3-4% of the budget is used for the rehabilitation from all the disasters. EARTHQUAKE: Like the earthquake in May 31, 1935 dead people reported were 60,000. After this much big disaster two earthquakes effecting less people struck the area in November 27, 1945 and December 28, 1974.The deaths reported were 4,000 and 4,700 respectively. Then up till 2005 no earthquake has strike the region but on October 5 the earthquake shaken the Northern side of Pakistan and has majorly destroyed the north side. More than 82,000 people were killed; 3.3 million people were left injured and homeless. All these incidences have place Pakistan in a very difficult situation. Everything was ruined badly and it took almost 5 to 10 years for rehabilitation. FLOOD: HISTORY: tells us that flood is affecting Pakistan area very frequently. Flood in 1950, 2,900 people were died, in Aug-1973 4, effected people were 800,000, flood in 2-Aug-1976 killed 5,566,000, in Jun-1977 people effected were 848, next year flood in Jul-1978 effects 2,246,000 people, similarly again the next year there was a flood affecting 1,000,000 poor people in august, then after 4 years gap flood came in 9-Aug effecting 6,184,418people, in Sep dead people were 12,324,024. Then again in 22-Jul-1995 flood death rated1,255,000 people and in 24-Aug-1996 dead people reported were 1,186,131.the history of flood does not end here. 3-Mar-1998 another flood destroys the area making1, 000 people to death. More over the flood destruction has added another year in the list like the flood of 2010 July- August. 2010 FLOOD: Now a days heavy monsoon rains have triggered flooding that has left over 1,500 people dead. The death toll may reach in the thousands as flooding has spread throughout the country and countless are missing due to flash floods and landslides. On top of this, more monsoon rains and flooding are on the way according to Pakistan meteorological department which may continue till end of August. Millions of homes in thousands of villages and towns have been destroyed. According to reports, over 13 Million people have been affected by this disaster more than the 2004 Indonesia Tsunami, 2005 Pakistan Earthquake, and 2010 Haiti Earthquake combined and destruction is increasing each day. Infrastructure such as dams, power stations, roads, bridges, schools, agriculture wells, and drinking water hand pumps have been severely damaged or destroyed. ECONOMICAL STATE OF PAKISTAN AFTER THE FLOOD DISASTER Economically Pakistan is a poor country and its economic growth faced a serious setback in fiscal year 2009 because of many factors such as the depressed consumer credit market, slow progress of public sector programmers, inflation, reduction in subsidies, threat of security, and instability in the state and energy crisis. Additionally, no attention was given to the agriculture sector. The exports declined by six percent and imports by 10 percent. The only thing that became a silver lining was the increment in remittances by 22%. Apart from ignorance, agriculture sector has shown credible results because of good weather. Major crops, wheat, rice and maize recorded impressive growth i.e. 7.7% against the target of 4.5%. Live stock and poultry also add to GDP as there was no viral disease this year. The economic condition is declining although positive efforts are made in this regard but due to the poor electricity condition and also the destruction of the infrastructure by the flood, the loss of many resource personals lives and their settled community now making it difficult for the country to sustain in the foreign market. As the infrastructure is totally destroyed so the import and transport is stopped. Even if there are temporary ways it is still a difficult task. Like helping people is more important in flood rather than import export. Food and living materials required on daily basis by the people, those who lost their everything, they are completely dependent on others for their survivals. Floods in the northern areas of Pakistan have caused devastating effects. Sindh province has been declared red alert for the upcoming floods. The Indus river flows from Indus to Karachi which has increased the threat to the villages and people living beside it. Authorities have evacuated more than half a million people to save their lives. One of the local said that Floods killed our people, they have ruined our homes and even washed away the graves of our loved ones. It is considered to be the worst floods in 80 years in the region which have killed at 1,600 people and affected about 12 million others. The president of Pakistan Mr Asif Ali Zardari who was on a foreign trip refused to take any criticism about the flood situation in Pakistan. He was of the opinion that he was being kept up to date about the relief efforts being made in the affected areas and the cabinet was directing the efforts. He further assured the assistance from his visiting countries i.e. UAE, France and UK, regarding the relief and rehabilitation of the flood effectiees. Mr President further said that, Im the one whos given all the powers from the presidency to the parliament. The parliament is in session the Senate is in session. Its the prime ministers responsibility, and hes fulfilling his responsibility. The point of concern here is that in Sindh two more days of rain are expected by the Pakistans meteorological office which could be dangerous and can cause high level of flood thus area is warned as red alert. Mr Amal Masud, the National Disaster Management Authority added that in the bad weather the relief operations are also effected thus helicopters could not fly to the affected areas for rescue and relief activities. Prime Minister Gilani declaring the 2010 flood as the worst Flood in Pakistans 63 year history and thus appealed for help from international organizations and has expected the locals to cooperate with the people helping them in this disaster. I would ask the international community to support and help Pakistan alleviate the sufferings of its flood-affected people, he said. Mr Gilani further added The next two days are very critical. Our top priority is to rescue people, to save their lives. But we will also provide them all facilities, and we will work for their rehabilitation. Much of the area along Indus River is submerged in the flood, still authorities have evacuated the rest of places to help people especially from the low-lying areas. Although some local famers were reluctant to leave their land and belongings but it was necessary to evacuate those places even by forcing them. The rescue mission is mainly headed by army and navy which will continue throughout the relief activities. In Sindh province more than half a million people have been evacuated. The Pakistans food supply will have long term effects due to the present floods as it has overwhelmed vast agricultural areas. Officials said it is the biggest disaster in the countrys history affecting 12 million people so far. The maximum level of water has reached in the Tarbela and Mangla dams which is a warning by engineers for the damage. Due to the breach of dam in northern Sindhs Kashmore district, thousands of residents took shelter on rooftops or in trees, it has also inundated large parts of the surrounding area with floodwater. The authorities are trying to prevent the breach of any other dam downstream, said by Shoaib Hasan in Karachi. One of the Pakistans largest gas field The Qadirpur is also threatened by the breach. Many people refused to leave their land, crops and homes which is a difficult moment even knowing the threat to further deluges. We are compelling them to evacuate because there is massive danger to their lives, Irrigation Minister Jam Saifullah Dharejo said. The current measure of the destroyed homes so far is 650,000, a 1.4m acre (557,000 hectares) of agricultural land has been flooded and 10,000 cows have died, declared by the officials. In comparison with the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the present disaster 2010 flood was on a par, which killed almost 73,000 people badly damaged infrastructure. The flood affecties have been critical of the governments response and other relief activities feeling helpless and ignored. Floods killed our people, they have ruined our homes and even washed away the graves of our loved ones, Mai Sahat told the Associated Press near Sukkur, Sindh. Yet we are here without help from the government. The administration struggling to contain the Taliban and an economic crisis, is facing more pressure by the victims which bitterly accused the authorities of failing to come to their aid in this devastating disaster. Thus, the authorities and victims both are facing alot of issues along with other previous crisis. On the other hand, mountainous region of Ladakh was hit by flash floods which has killed 120 people with a ratio of 100 missing, building wee also damaged. The authorities of Indian-administered Kashmir are recovering bodies and highly concerned with a fast relief action. Whole of Pakistan is currently facing the devastating effects of flood. In Punjab hundreds of villages were submerged in flood water. It has destroyed homes, soaked the crops and threatened lives. Aid workers are also finding difficulty for the rescue delivery due to the nonstop raining and as a result more floods are coming out. As most of the affecties are poor people thus many organization is trying to help them in this hard time. UN also scrambles to provide food and other assistance to about 3.2 million affected people. This years monsoon season has caused the worst flood in Pakistan. Punjab is the richest and most populous province of Pakistan. The destruction in northwest was very volatile and the floodwater has hitted Punjab with the even high intensity. The rescue team of army tried to move villagers to higher ground through boats and helicopters. In the south of the province the tracts of Kot Addu and nearby area of layyah, water was so high that only upper most floors of some buildings and treetops were visible. During a visit to the flood affected area, the news reporters were briefed by Military spokesman Maj. Gen. Nadir Zeb that at least 30,000 people have been rescued from flood-hit zones in Kot Addu and areas over the previous 72 hours. He warned of more flooding as more rains were forecast in the next few days. People must cooperate with us, and they must leave those areas where floods are going to hit, he said. Muhammad Hanif, head of the National Weather Forecasting Center in Islamabad said that monsoon season in Pakistan usually lasts about three months, through mid-September. In a typical year, the country gets an average 137 mm (5.4 inches) worth of rainfall during the monsoon season. This year, it already has received 160 mm (6.3 inches). Hanif said the rains are already falling about 25 to 30 percent above normal rates. It was the hardest rain experienced by northwest can be called once-in-a-century rains. The death toll in the northwest region was highest. The significant amount of rain should be expected in Sindh province located at south and Punjabs at east. The Pakistans National Disaster management authority said that at least 47 people killed, 1,000 villages have been affected and 25,000 houses destroyed in Punjab since late July. The stretched crops of Pakistan are mainly grown in Punjab which is the Pakistans breadbasket were badly destroyed by the floodwater. Numerous crops have also been lost in the northwest. U.N has warned that due to loss of farm has produced the serious food shortage and thus World Food Program has estimated that over next month 1.8 million people will need to be fed. Along with the crops, buildings and houses all the communication lines are also destroyed and the roads and bridges are washed out. These all severe conditions are main hurdles in the relief and rescue operations. Including the United States, many foreign counties have stepped in to help the flood affecties. But still there are complains that aid is not reaching them fast enough or at all. This has disturbed the people more and results in aggressive behavior towards the authorities and helping organizations. The Map of Pakistan showing the area affected by the severe and moderate flood is given below. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/10/pakistan_floods_2/img/pakistan_floods_01_464_2.gif FLOOD HANDLING PROCEDURE: After earthquake relief operation, govt of Pakistan had set up a disaster management cell for fighting out natural disasters like earthquake and floods. However, scale of this flood is much beyond the capacity of that disaster management cell. Likewise in earthquake 2005 Pakistan army has come up once again to help the affected masses. All of army is out of cantonments for carry out flood relief operation throughout the country. It is a big challenge which cannot be met at once. Operation has different phases like rescue operation for evacuation of dead and trapped in flood, arrangement for internally displaced persons to alternate locations, provision of basic living facilities like shelter, food and medication, return of IDPs ( Internally displaced persons) to their home location after flood will be over and finally rehabilitation of these IDPs to restart their normal lives. First phase to fight out flood is being undertaken by govt of Pakistan and Pakistan army. All resources are brought in to move affected population to safe locations. Pakistan army engineers corps is carrying out rescue operation for water trapped masses, whereas tent villages are established to accommodate IDPs at safer locations. After rescue comes the relief phase of operation which includes provision of basic living facilities to affected people. It is not easy task for govt of Pakistan to handle such a disaster which has caused more than 15 million IDPs which is over all larger displacement than tsunami and 2005 earthquake collectively. Whole Pakistani nation has come up to help affected population in terms of donation and volunteer relief work. Still it demands help from international community. UNO and other govt and non govt organization are pumping in to help the situation. In relief phase experts for shelter food and medical care have major role to play. There is no economic activity in flood hit areas and is not expected to restart soon. So more than 15 million IDPs are going to have adverse effects on Pakistan economy. Monsoon is not over yet and few more rain spells are expected in month of august country wide. This situation depicts that rehabilitation phase is not going to start immediately which alternatively mean extended relief phase. And once rehabilitations starts, keeping in view the severity of flood, its not expected to recover the damage and restart normal routine life for min of two to three years. After complete destruction of routine life and infra structure in flood hit area, there has been acute shortage of day to day usage items. Demand has incredibly increased than supply which is ultimately going to cause price hikes generally in all over the country and particularly flood hit areas. Inflation of prices and sink of economy is obviously going to create so many living as well as social problems like increase in crime rate, increase of hunger and diseases, lawlessness and exploitation. All above mentioned problems and issues pose great challenge for govt of Pakistan. It is a very serious issue which needs to be handled with great care. Govt of Pakistan will have to take both short term and long term measures to fight existing challenge and avoid such massive damage in future. As a short time and immediate measure, all efforts must be made to accelerate ongoing relief operation and provide basic needs to all the affected population. All govt machinery and international organization should gear up to work together on same lines with each others collaboration. All agencies must be on one grid with central monitoring so that wastage and duplication of effort be kept to minimum. There had been an existing structure after earthquake as disaster management cell, if all agency try to work together in order to do capacity building of disaster management cell instead of working in independent capacities, it can really boost the relief work. CONCLUSION Pakistan is a country which is already dependent on foreign aid to cope up with economic situation and also to fight back with the militants war in the country. So management of the situation and also the right decision are very important to cope up with the disasters. Its govt responsibility to start media campaign to motivate whole nation to work together , project the relief work being undertaken and reduce frustration of the affected. At the same time , govt should encourage all volunteer teams , local NGOs, oversea Pakistanis and international community and take them on board to fight this catastrophe. Key factor in fetching the max out of all will be transparency and fairness of the procedure to utilize the aid to benefit IDPs. It may not be easy for govt to afford rehabilitation of all these IDPs, it will be helpful to give incentives to international agencies for investments in all over the country as payback to their assistance in rehabilitation of IDPs. Keeping in view the terrain and weather of Pakistan, it is very likely to face flood in future as well. Short terms measure can never be a permanent solution to these catastrophes. There can be no way to avoid floods in future except making dams to store and control excessive waters. Construction of dams in Pakistan had been politicized over few decades. This is the right time for govt of Pakistan to take decision for constructions of dams at various locations throughout the country. This will not only help in avoiding flood but will also solve the biggest energy crises by production of electricity. All existing dams and canal system is old one and capacity of all rivers, canals and dams has been greatly reduced due to silt. In addition to construction of new dams, expansion and cleaning of existing dam and canal system is also imperative. There is no question that present flood has caused devastating effects on Pakistan economy which will take years to recover. But such catastrophes are always food of thought for future and prove to be turning points for nations to plan ahead. This is the time for govt of Pakistan to revise their economic policies and bring reforms. Nothing is more than safety of people, so serious issues relating survival of nations would not be politicized at all. We hope after recovering from this flood, Pakistan gets on to the track leading to benefit of whole of country instead of few.

Symbols and Symbolism Essay - The Symbolic Stage in The Glass Menagerie :: Glass Menagerie essays

The Symbolic Stage in The Glass Menagerie The symbolic stage properties in The Glass Menagerie reinforces the theme of escaping reality. Lack of a Father leaves Tom the responsibility of caring for the family. The responsibility acquired by Tom causes him to lack a normal life full of decisions and adventure. Instead, Tom is bound to his family by guilt and emotion. The only way Tom can feel that he is living the life he deserves is by escaping reality. The fire escape, the only chance for survival in a burning building of crisis situation. In Tom's mind, there is always an emergency exit, a chance to escape. The fire escape in Tom's mind is going to the movies for the adventure that he does not get at home or work. The silk scarf that Tom placed over Lara's face is the same silk scarf that the magician used. The magician made things appear and disappear. Therefore, covering Lara's face with the scarf shows that Tom's wants Lara and her memory to disappear so he will not feel guilty about leaving the family behind. Lara realizes that she can not sit around while she should be in college. Her mother shows her that she needs to take the initiative and go to school or get married. "School careers usually wind up getting married to some nice man"(1557). Amanda is telling Lara that she can not wait for the future to come to her, she needs to build her own future. Lara can not face reality and go so instead she visits penguins and plays with a glass menagerie. Lara's glass collection represents a world apart from others. She dreams of other lives and her imagination runs wild. Symbols and Symbolism Essay - The Symbolic Stage in The Glass Menagerie :: Glass Menagerie essays The Symbolic Stage in The Glass Menagerie The symbolic stage properties in The Glass Menagerie reinforces the theme of escaping reality. Lack of a Father leaves Tom the responsibility of caring for the family. The responsibility acquired by Tom causes him to lack a normal life full of decisions and adventure. Instead, Tom is bound to his family by guilt and emotion. The only way Tom can feel that he is living the life he deserves is by escaping reality. The fire escape, the only chance for survival in a burning building of crisis situation. In Tom's mind, there is always an emergency exit, a chance to escape. The fire escape in Tom's mind is going to the movies for the adventure that he does not get at home or work. The silk scarf that Tom placed over Lara's face is the same silk scarf that the magician used. The magician made things appear and disappear. Therefore, covering Lara's face with the scarf shows that Tom's wants Lara and her memory to disappear so he will not feel guilty about leaving the family behind. Lara realizes that she can not sit around while she should be in college. Her mother shows her that she needs to take the initiative and go to school or get married. "School careers usually wind up getting married to some nice man"(1557). Amanda is telling Lara that she can not wait for the future to come to her, she needs to build her own future. Lara can not face reality and go so instead she visits penguins and plays with a glass menagerie. Lara's glass collection represents a world apart from others. She dreams of other lives and her imagination runs wild.

Plasma Television And LCD Television Essay

Introduction Television technology has continued to evolve to be what it is today since the late 1930s when it was first commercially available. Today the television set has become a very basic household commodity in institutions and homes as source of entertainment and news. The T.V. today has evolved from the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to such advanced technology like the Plasma and LCD televisions that have taken the world by storm. But what’s the difference between these two latest models? Outwardly the models are almost alike, they are thin and flat. However, they differ in the technology behind them though they deliver almost similar results. (Robert Silva) The technology behind the Plasma television is based on the fluorescent light lamb and the display consists of cells. A narrow gap separates the two glass panels within each cell, where neon-xenon gas is injected and sealed in plasma form in the process of manufacturing. The LCD television on the hand uses a different technology of manufacture. LCD panels that are made of two layers of transparent material are â€Å"polarized† and bound together. (Robert Silva)   A special polymer is coated in one of the layers that hold the various liquid crystals. To create an image, current is passed through each individual crystal, these allows the crystals to pass or block light forming an image. Because the crystals by nature do not produce their own light, external lights like a fluorescent bulb are required to illuminate the created images for visibility. (Robert Silva) LCD television is more expensive than the Plasma television, however most consumers or users are never interested in the technicalities thus do not understand the difference, all they look for is a stylish set to suit their homes. (Robert Silva) REFERENCE Robert Silva: What are the Differences Between an LCD TV and a Plasma TV? Retrieved on 17th March 2008, from http://hometheater.about.com/od/lcdtvfaqs/f/lcdfaq2.htm

Business and Economic Statistics Essays

Business and Economic Statistics Essays Business and Economic Statistics Essay Business and Economic Statistics Essay ECMT1010 BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS A ASSIGNMENT Semester 1, 2011 This assignment is worth 10% of your total mark. It must be handed in by 4:30pm on Friday, 3 June in the marked drop-off boxes in the Merewether building (Level 2, reception area). Late assignments will not be accepted and will result in a zero mark. The assignment must be done individually and plagiarism will result in severe penalty and possibly a zero mark. The assignment will be marked out of 50. Marks for each question are shown. Data for analysis: Suppose that you are working for an environmental group on household electricity consumption. You are primarily interested in quantifying what factors could affect the household electricity consumption. The environmental group provided a data set that contained the information of 50 randomly selected households in Western Sydney. The data are recorded in an EXCEL file that you can download from the course web site. Q1a (8 marks) The leader of the environmental group suspects that homes (referred to as population 1) consume more electricity than units (referred to as population 2). Perform a hypothesis test to validate such suspicion. You must clearly state your null and alternative hypothesis, your conclusions, and the related output that lead to your conclusions. Use ? =0. 05 and assume unequal variances. Q1b (8 marks) However, the test in Q1 does not take the size of the building into considerations. So you compute the electricity consumption per week per square meter. We call this the electricity consumption rate. Perform a hypothesis to verify if the electricity consumption rate of homes is higher than that of units. You must clearly state your null and alternative hypothesis, your conclusions, and the related output that lead to your conclusions. Use ? =0. 05 and assume unequal variances. Q1c (4 marks) Based on your analysis in Q1a and Q1b, is it true that homes consume more electricity than units? Q2 (25 marks) You decide to run a simple linear regression using the electricity consumption as the dependent variable and the size of the building as the independent variable (use all 50 samples). a) Estimate the regression equation between these variables, showing all relevant estimation output, i. e. estimates, t-statistics, p-values, etc. ) State and interpret the R2 value from this regression fit and comment on the strength of the relationship. c) Examine the residuals from your regression. Are the assumptions of a simple linear regression model satisfied? (Hint: you might enlist all the related assumptions and perform related test one by one. ) d) A new home with 180 square meters is completed. Construct a 90% prediction interval of the electricity consumption per week. Q3 (5 marks) Give a summary of your conclusions about the relationship among electricity consumption, square meters, and types of building. END OF ASSIGNMENT

3 More Cases of Superfluous Semicolons

3 More Cases of Superfluous Semicolons 3 More Cases of Superfluous Semicolons 3 More Cases of Superfluous Semicolons By Mark Nichol Some writers avoid semicolons either because they are not certain of the punctuation mark’s functions or because some people consider it stodgy, or both. It is in fact quite simple and practical to use, but beware of employing one when a comma will do just as well, as in the following examples, each followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. Proponents argue that the surge in foreign demand for US exports will strengthen the value of the dollar; in turn, a strong dollar would increase the demand for imported goods; therefore, the net effect on trade is neutral. Using two or more semicolons in one sentence to divide independent clauses (in a role sometimes called the weak period) is an error. In such a case, replace one with an actual period and capitalize the next word to begin a new sentence: â€Å"Proponents argue that the surge in foreign demand for US exports will strengthen the value of the dollar. In turn, a strong dollar would increase the demand for imported goods; therefore, the net effect on trade is neutral.† 2. It is a strange sort of adventure film, in that it spends as much time in Europe as it does in the rain forest; is as anthropologically curious about the social customs of early-twentieth-century Britons as it is about the indigenous peoples of the Amazon; and cares as much about what is destroyed as what might be found. When a list of more than two phrases within a sentence consists of one or more phrases that themselves include commas, using commas to divide the longer phrases will confuse readers because the hierarchy of the sentence’s organization is unclear; use semicolons (in the strong-comma function) instead to set the longer phrases apart from each other. In this case, however, the only comma in the sentence merely sets the introductory phrase off from the rest of the statement, and the organization of the three phrases that follow is clear without resorting to semicolons; use commas instead: â€Å"It is a strange sort of adventure film, in that it spends as much time in Europe as it does in the rain forest, is as anthropologically curious about the social customs of early-twentieth-century Britons as it is about the indigenous peoples of the Amazon, and cares as much about what is destroyed as what might be found. 3. The auditor improves information for decision making across the organization by assessing the reliability of performance metrics and monitoring systems the organization has in place; using analytic tools to create lead performance indicators and trending metrics to signal when risk events might be approaching or occurring; and recommending automation of key controls or selected processes to enable effective monitoring. This sentence does not require semicolons, even with the complication of conjunctions within the separated phrases that function as items in a list- as mentioned above, they are necessary only when one or more phrases within that list themselves include punctuation: â€Å"The auditor improves information for decision making across the organization by assessing the reliability of performance metrics and monitoring systems the organization has in place, using analytic tools to create lead performance indicators and trending metrics to signal when risk events might be approaching or occurring, and recommending automation of key controls or selected processes to enable effective monitoring.† (As before, the fact that each phrase begins with a distinct verb strengthens the structure of this sentence.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know7 Patterns of Sentence StructureAffect vs. Effect

Capital Financing for the state of Arizona Research Paper

Capital Financing for the state of Arizona - Research Paper Example Funding for project financing was an important consideration in the recently issued Budget for the State of Arizona. While deciding on the type of project financing funding availability, important factor that must be considered is that project financing funding depends on the cash flow needs. Hence, the amount of cash required in the project undertaken will guide in deciding about the type of project financing available. The State of Arizona imposes a limit on the amount of debt service. The amount limit is $800 million for HURF debt. The requirements of revenue coverage ratio imposes limit on other types of debt offered in Arizona (Rowell, Buonincontri, & Semmens, 199, p.13). The State of Arizona is open to use of alternative sources of financing for capital projects. One such example is the State of Arizona requiring an alternative financing for lease purchase of the State properties. The State will be achieving such financing requirement though issue of certificate of participation. It will be done in publicly operating debt market. Other innovative techniques used are: Autonomous state authorities in Arizona work independently and make their own decisions. There are some autonomous State Authorities, not included in the budget that has major public capital spending. Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) is one such autonomous state authority which does major capital spending in the State of Arizona. Arizona Toll Ways is also another such State Authority which runs independently. Almost all the public capital spending is included in the State Capital Budget with the exception of Arizona Department of Transportation, which has major public capital spending in the State of Arizona but it is not included in the Capital Budget of the

Qualitative 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Qualitative 2 - Essay Example There is particular method taken towards describing the basic elements within the data analysis and interpretation of the narratives retrieved from the interviews. The initial step entails reading and re-reading of the text provided to facilitate a better understanding of the provided data. This is the part where one has to consider the quality of the data via identifying key aspects, for example, impressions or any limitations. This is vital to the analysis to aid in eliminating any chance of collecting irrelevant data that does not make any meaning or add any value to the qualitative analysis The next step entails a directive that focuses on the analysis of the data findings via reviewing the purpose of the qualitative evaluation. The evaluation defines how one intends to use the results of the study by applying common approaches like looking into how the involved entities in all the readings related and in turn organize them to identify the similarities, consistencies and even the differences in the information. This process can also be referred to as categorization of information, which involves placing data according to identified themes or patterns that represent ideas having relevant information of coherent categories. The main focus of the data gathered and being analyzed are to aid in the re-engineering and re-development of Business Take On (BTO) and the client billing process. The readings from the data sets provided highlight on how business is conducted within the organization. The process map provided showcase how the various department or sections of the business are contingent or dependent on each other for the day to day execution of business operations. The findings in the qualitative study of the passages are sustained by the presence of the supporting conditions which show relation between all the